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Using TRNSYS software, the proposed Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC)-based solar heating system paired with the boiler is modelled. Sensible thermal energy storage (TES) system is integrated into the refinery's process heating to handle the intermittent nature of solar energy.
Conclusion The present study investigates the feasibility of solar hybrid system to generate steam in the oil refinery to maintain the temperature of heavy crude oil products before despatching from storage tanks. Due to the intermittent behaviour of solar energy, the solar hybrid system is integrated with a sensible heat storage tank.
Other studies in the literature considered coupling solar energy systems to oil refineries to decarbonize their operation. The applicability and feasibility of introducing a concentrated solar power (CSP) system to reduce partial reliance on process heaters of a crude oil refinery was studied by Danish et al. .
The amount of fuel and cost savings by the integration of a solar hybrid system into the refinery and the payback period of the system by using different types of fuel in the furnace are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Payback period of the proposed system by using different fuel.
Approximately 56% of Türkiye's electric power generation capacity consist of renewable energy, including hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass power plants, making Türkiye the fifth-largest generator of renewable energy in Europe and the 11th largest in the world.
As of January 1, 2023, Türkiye had six refineries with a combined processing capacity of over 826,000 b/d. Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri AŞ (Tüpraş) operates four of the six refineries and accounts for 71% of the total refining capacity, and Ersan Petrol Sanayi AŞ and STAR Rafineri AŞ collectively hold 243,000 b/d of refining capacity.12
Source: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, State Institute of Statistics. Türkiye, with an electric power generation capacity of approximately 105 GW, is Europe's sixth-largest electricity market and the 14th largest in the world.
Moreover, there have been significant investments in battery technologies, specifically targeting the storage and the effective use of energy from volatile sources such as wind and solar power. Various projects are underway to integrate energy storage systems into smart grid infrastructure.
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